Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) refer to a
group of disorders where the immune system
attacks the thyroid gland, resulting in either an
overactive or underactive thyroid. The two
most common forms of AITD are Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. While the
exact cause of AITD is not known, several
factors have been linked to their development,
including genetics, environmental factors, and
lifestyle factors, such as diet.
Diet plays a crucial role in AITD development
and management, with studies suggesting that
different types of fats can either increase or
decrease the risk of developing AITD. Here, we
will discuss how different types of fats affect
the risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Saturated Fats:
Saturated fats are typically solid at room
temperature and are found in animal products
such as meat, dairy products, and coconut oil.
Saturated fats have been linked to an
increased risk of heart disease and may also
increase the risk of AITD. A study published in
the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
found that higher levels of saturated fats in the
diet were associated with an increased risk of
AITD.
Trans Fats:
Trans fats are formed when liquid vegetable
oils are partially hydrogenated, making them
solid at room temperature. Trans fats are
commonly found in processed foods, baked
goods, and fast food. A study published in the
Journal of Nutrition found that a higher intake
of trans fats was associated with an increased
risk of AITD.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats
found in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel,
and sardines, as well as in nuts and seeds.
Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory
properties and may help to reduce the risk of
AITD. A study published in the European
Journal of Endocrinology found that higher
levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet were
associated with a reduced risk of AITD.
Omega-6 Fatty Acids:
Omega-6 fatty acids are also polyunsaturated
fats found in vegetable oils such as soybean
oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil. While omega-6
fatty acids are essential for overall health, an
imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3
fatty acids in the diet may increase the risk of
AITD. A study published in the Journal of the
American College of Nutrition found that a
higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was
associated with an increased risk of AITD.
In conclusion, diet plays a crucial role in AITD
development and management, and different
types of fats can either increase or decrease
the risk of AITD. Saturated and trans fats have
been linked to an increased risk of AITD, while
omega-3 fatty acids may help to reduce the
risk. Maintaining a healthy diet that includes a
balance of different types of fats is essential
for overall health and reducing the risk of
AITD
